Geological modeling

A geological model is always based on a geological concept. PetroTrace specialists describe core samples, analyze logs, compare borehole data with seismic attributes and structural plans. The results are clarification of stratigraphic correlation, determination of principles of facies and their associations in borehole sections based on log well data, construction of predictive maps of facies zonation based on the results of dynamic interpretation of seismic data.

Based on the results of kinematic interpretation of seismic data, the conceptual model and refined stratigraphic well correlation, a three-dimensional structural framework is created, including both seismic reflection horizons and subordinate stratigraphic surfaces that do not form reflections. The structural model can include faults of any complexity, seam wedges, intrusions and salt domes. Particular attention is paid to the correct "incorporation" of horizontal wells into the structural model.

Three-dimensional geological model contains detailed description of spatial distribution of selected facies types of rocks within each selected layer - facies model. Based on the facial model, spatial distribution of filtration-capacitative properties (porosity, permeability, associated water saturation) and initial saturation are built. When building three-dimensional models, PetroTrace specialists try to use the results of dynamic interpretation of seismic data to the fullest extent.

Many fields (and almost all carbonate fields) are complicated by natural fractures. Natural fracturing can have a determining influence on permeability distribution, filtration flow geometry and hydrocarbon recovery mechanisms. PetroTrace specialists analyze all available information, including seismic attributes, drilling data, hydrodynamic well survey results, log data and log control, geomechanical models and development analysis results. From this data, three-dimensional discrete fracture distribution models are created and calibrated, from which, in turn, three-dimensional effective permeability cubes used in hydrodynamic models are calculated.